![]() The longer you “draw” a new figure, the greater the chance that you will be noticed and attacked. Practice shows that this game does not tolerate the instant capture of vast territories, as this increases the risk of defeat. There are two types of players - sharp and unhurried. It is for this reason that you have to try to attack the enemy lines until they are locked into a coherent figure. It is worth recalling that when you outline any shape, you will have at your disposal that area that will remain in the inner radius of the line drawn by you. If you meet another player, then try to touch his line before he finishes his figure. It is logical to assume that the one who earns the most points in the final table wins, so you need to act extremely carefully. Together with you, a map is shared by a large number of random users who are engaged in exactly the same thing as you - they capture as many possessions as possible. Remember - you need to start and end the path from your territory and in no case touch your own line, otherwise, you will lose. You need to capture as much territory as possible and this is done by simply connecting lines with existing territories. The essence of the game is extremely simple - capture, dominate, conquer! At your disposal is a starting point, which at the intersection of any terrain leaves a lane. A simple arcade paradise for lovers of strategic planning.
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![]() One way of explicitly assigning the PPID of a new process is via the CreateProcess API call, which supports a parameter that defines the PPID to use. New processes are typically spawned directly from their parent, or calling, process unless explicitly specified. The function will return a copy of the new session's access token and the adversary can use SetThreadToken to assign the token to a thread.Īdversaries may spoof the parent process identifier (PPID) of a new process to evade process-monitoring defenses or to elevate privileges. For example, if an adversary has a username and password but the user is not logged onto the system the adversary can then create a logon session for the user using the LogonUser function. Processes can be created with the token and resulting security context of another user using features such as CreateProcessWithTokenW and runas.Īdversaries may make new tokens and impersonate users to escalate privileges and bypass access controls. The token can then be used with ImpersonateLoggedOnUser to allow the calling thread to impersonate a logged on user's security context, or with SetThreadToken to assign the impersonated token to a thread.Īdversaries may create a new process with an existing token to escalate privileges and bypass access controls. For example, an adversary can duplicate an existing token using DuplicateToken or DuplicateTokenEx. When this occurs, the process also takes on the security context associated with the new token.Īdversaries may duplicate then impersonate another user's existing token to escalate privileges and bypass access controls. A user can manipulate access tokens to make a running process appear as though it is the child of a different process or belongs to someone other than the user that started the process. Windows uses access tokens to determine the ownership of a running process. This API does not validate that the program requesting root privileges comes from a reputable source or has been maliciously modified.Īdversaries may modify access tokens to operate under a different user or system security context to perform actions and bypass access controls. The purpose of this API is to give application developers an easy way to perform operations with root privileges, such as for application installation or updating. Adversaries may do this to execute commands as other users or spawn processes with higher privileges.Īdversaries may leverage the AuthorizationExecuteWithPrivileges API to escalate privileges by prompting the user for credentials. The impact to the user ranges from denying the operation under high enforcement to allowing the user to perform the action if they are in the local administrators group and click through the prompt or allowing them to enter an administrator password to complete the action.Īdversaries may perform sudo caching and/or use the sudoers file to elevate privileges. Windows User Account Control (UAC) allows a program to elevate its privileges (tracked as integrity levels ranging from low to high) to perform a task under administrator-level permissions, possibly by prompting the user for confirmation. However, there are instances where programs need to be executed in an elevated context to function properly, but the user running them may not have the specific required privileges.Īdversaries may bypass UAC mechanisms to elevate process privileges on system. Normally an application is run in the current user’s context, regardless of which user or group owns the application. On Linux or macOS, when the setuid or setgid bits are set for an application binary, the application will run with the privileges of the owning user or group respectively. An adversary can perform several methods to take advantage of built-in control mechanisms in order to escalate privileges on a system.Īn adversary may abuse configurations where an application has the setuid or setgid bits set in order to get code running in a different (and possibly more privileged) user’s context. Authorization has to be granted to specific users in order to perform tasks that can be considered of higher risk. Most modern systems contain native elevation control mechanisms that are intended to limit privileges that a user can perform on a machine. ![]() Live Version Techniques Techniques: 42 IDĪdversaries may circumvent mechanisms designed to control elevate privileges to gain higher-level permissions. |
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